Kasturba Gandhi, affectionately known as ‘Ba’, was born on April 11, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. She was married to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, later known as Mahatma Gandhi, at the age of 13. Despite being initially illiterate, she learned to read and write under Gandhi’s guidance. Kasturba played a significant role in India’s freedom struggle, participating in civil disobedience movements and advocating for women’s rights. She was imprisoned multiple times for her activism. Kasturba passed away on February 22, 1944, while in detention during the Quit India Movement.
Early Life and Marriage
Born into a merchant family, Kasturba’s early life was typical of girls in 19th-century India. Her marriage to Mohandas Gandhi was arranged, and she adapted to her new role with resilience. Despite societal norms, she pursued education and became literate, showcasing her determination to grow alongside her husband.
A Partnership of Equals
Kasturba and Mahatma Gandhi’s relationship was built on mutual respect and shared ideals. While Gandhi often made decisions for the greater good, Kasturba wasn’t hesitant to voice her disagreements. She once remarked, “You make decisions like a tailor who sews clothes for others without considering if they fit.” This candidness highlighted their dynamic relationship, where Kasturba wasn’t just a passive partner but an active participant in discussions and decisions.
Their disagreements weren’t limited to personal matters. In Durban, when Gandhi insisted that everyone, including Kasturba, clean communal toilets, she resisted, stating it went against her beliefs. This led to a heated argument, with Gandhi even raising his hand in anger. However, Kasturba’s unwavering stance made Gandhi reflect on his actions, leading to a deeper understanding between them.
Standing Against Injustice in South Africa
In the early 20th century, South Africa’s discriminatory laws targeted non-Christian marriages, threatening to render Hindu and Muslim unions illegal. This meant that many families, including the Gandhis, could be deemed unlawful, and their children considered illegitimate. Mahatma Gandhi, deeply disturbed by this, discussed the implications with Kasturba. He explained that if the law passed, their marriage would be invalidated, and their children would lose their legal rights. Kasturba, understanding the gravity, stood firmly beside her husband, ready to protest against such injustice.
Despite battling illness, Kasturba joined the Satyagraha movement in 1913, protesting against these oppressive laws. Her commitment led to her arrest and a three-month rigorous imprisonment. In jail, she faced harsh conditions, including the denial of her dietary needs. Yet, she remained steadfast, even initiating a hunger strike to protest the inhumane treatment.
Contributions to India’s Freedom Movement
Upon returning to India in 1915, Kasturba continued her activism. She took part in various movements led by Gandhi, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Quit India Movement. Her leadership was especially prominent when Gandhi was imprisoned, as she stepped up to lead protests and mobilize support.
Sacrifices Beyond Measure
Kasturba’s sacrifices weren’t limited to protests and imprisonments. She often gave up personal comforts for the greater cause. On one occasion, after a successful campaign in South Africa, supporters gifted her a gold necklace. Gandhi, adhering to his principles, wanted all gifts to be donated for public welfare. Kasturba, initially reluctant, eventually agreed, showcasing her commitment to their shared ideals.
Her dedication extended to their family life. Despite her health challenges, she ensured their children were cared for, often single-handedly managing household responsibilities while Gandhi was away or imprisoned. Her resilience ensured that their family remained united and strong amidst tumultuous times.
Advocacy for Women’s Rights
Kasturba was a strong advocate for women’s education and empowerment. She worked tirelessly to improve the status of women in society, promoting education and self-reliance. Her efforts laid the groundwork for future advancements in women’s rights in India.
Personal Challenges and Legacy
Despite facing personal and societal challenges, Kasturba remained steadfast in her convictions. Her unwavering support for Gandhi and her active participation in the freedom struggle made her a revered figure. Her legacy continues to inspire generations, highlighting the crucial role women played in India’s journey to independence.
Kasturba Gandhi’s life is a testament to courage, resilience, and dedication. Her contributions to India’s freedom movement and her advocacy for women’s rights remain integral to the nation’s history.
Note: This article is based on historical accounts and aims to shed light on Kasturba Gandhi’s contributions to India’s freedom movement.
